{"id":1639,"date":"2025-11-13T20:05:35","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T12:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/?p=1639"},"modified":"2025-11-13T20:07:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T12:07:43","slug":"201-304-316-440c-stainless-steel-sheet-plate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/tam-thep-khong-gi-201-304-316-440c\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 201 304 316 440C"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng axit. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: austenit, ferit v\u00e0 martensit. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 duplex, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng austenitic ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eaft v\u00e0 Th\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 (AIA) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri 200 v\u00e0 300, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 304.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ferit v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eaft Th\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 (AUSI) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 430 v\u00e0 446.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n martensitic v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eaft v\u00e0 Th\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 (AIC) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 410, 420 v\u00e0 440. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng martensitic chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh austenit \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 duplex, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit-ferritic, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 hai pha austenit v\u00e0 ferritic. Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t, \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eaft th\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 (AIA) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 329.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n austenit ho\u1eb7c martensitic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eaft v\u00e0 Th\u00e9p Hoa K\u1ef3 (AIC) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri 600, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 17-4PH. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau h\u1ee3p kim. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferit ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Cu\u1ed9n
Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf do gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00e1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, dung sai c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 dung sai l\u1edbn v\u00e0 dung sai nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10,5% c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 <\/a>c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken kho\u1ea3ng 8% \u0111\u1ebfn 10% v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom kho\u1ea3ng 18% \u0111\u1ebfn 20%, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tinh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00f4i th\u00e9p, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p nh\u1ecf, do thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng; tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, m\u01b0a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 axit\/ki\u1ec1m cao. Ngay c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft g\u1ec9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t t\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb g\u1ec9, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit crom gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u1ea7n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u1eb7n axit, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t nh\u1ecf, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p x\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 lau s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 phun c\u00e1t, m\u00e0i, ch\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau khi v\u1ec7 sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn axit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon, n\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch sau khi h\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a 304 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a>, 304H c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ea1t 0,04% \u0111\u1ebfn 0,10%, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p molypden v\u00e0o th\u00e9p 10Cr18Ni12, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316L l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a>, 316H c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 317 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 r\u00e3o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316L, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng titan c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1edd b\u1ed5 sung titan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 347 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng niobi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung niobi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t. Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 axit, ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 347 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 321, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 904L l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit si\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Outokumpu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 24% \u0111\u1ebfn 26%, trong khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,02%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit kh\u00f4ng oxy h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 axit sulfuric, axit axetic, axit formic v\u00e0 axit photphoric. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong axit sunfuric \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u01b0\u1edbi 70\u00b0C, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit axetic v\u00e0 axit formic \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c niken trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME SB-625. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E+H v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 Rolex, \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 904L cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 440C l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ea1t HRC57. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00f2i phun, \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn van nh\u01b0 l\u00f5i van, \u0111\u1ebf van, \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n van.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a martensitic, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 17-4PH c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HRC44, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 300\u00b0C. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 axit ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i lo\u00e3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 430. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00f5i van, gh\u1ebf, \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n van cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, c\u00e1nh tua bin v\u00e0 van.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top Metal Manufacture c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, t\u1ea5m nh\u00f4m<\/a>, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p cacbon, s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p<\/a>, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stainless steel sheet, a type of steel resistant to weak corrosive media such as air, steam, and water, is officially called stainless acid-resistant steel. Its corrosion resistance is attributed to its unique alloying elements. Based on its metallographic structure, stainless steel is mainly divided into three categories: austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. In addition, there are […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[156,157],"class_list":["post-1639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-304-stainless","tag-316-stainless"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1639"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1641,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1639\/revisions\/1641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aluminumetals.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}